微压流化式复合生物反应器的同步脱氮     

刘淼  陈睿阳  李广柱  郎贵林 《吉林大学学报(地球科学版)》2012,42(3):832-837

通过对曝气系统的调节,微压流化式复合生物反应器（MP-FHBR）内可以实现好氧区和缺氧区共存,利用这一特点和MP-FHBR中同时存在的活性污泥﹑悬浮生物膜复合生物体系,进行了同步脱氮的试验研究。结果表明,MP-FHBR在好氧-缺氧条件下,实现了同步脱氮过程,TN和COD的平均去除率分别达到77.5%和98.3%。降低DO质量浓度使反应器内形成完全缺氧环境,对MP-FHBR同步脱氮效果没有显著影响,但会降低系统去除COD的效果;而提高DO质量浓度使反应器内形成完全好氧环境,MP-FHBR同步脱氮效果显著下降。在一定范围内提高进水COD/TN有利于提高MP-FHBR同步脱氮效果,COD/TN 由2升高到10,TN平均去除率由58.4%提高到78.8%,而继续提高COD/TN对系统同步脱氮效果的影响并不明显。在反应器允许的条件下,提高污泥质量浓度(MLSS)有利于提高系统反硝化脱氮效果,TN去除率随MLSS的增加而提高。  相似文献   

Cd(II), Pb(II) and Zn(II) Removal from Contaminated Water by Biosorption Using Activated Sludge Biomass     

Anwar Ahmad  Rumana Ghufran  Wan Mohd. Faizal 《洁净——土壤、空气、水》2010,38(2):153-158

Biosorption using activated sludge biomass (ASB) as a potentially sustainable technology for the treatment of wastewater containing different metal ions (Cd(II), Pb(II) and Zn(II)) was investigated. ASB metal uptake clearly competed with protons consumed by microbial biomass compared with control tests with non‐activated sludge biomass. Biosorption tests confirmed maximum exchange between metal ions and protons at pH 2.0–4.5. It was revealed by the study that the amount of metal ions released from the biomass increased with biomass sludge concentration. The result showed that maximum absorption of metal ions was observed for Cd(II) at pH 3.5, Pb(II) at pH 4.0, and pH 4.5 for Zn(II) ions. The maximum absorption capacities of ASB for Cd(II), Pb(II) and Zn(II) were determined to be 59.3, 68.5 and 86.5%, respectively. The biosorption of heavy metals was directly proportional to ASB stabilization corresponding to a reduction in heavy metals in the order of Cd < Pb < Zn. The order of increase of biosorption of metal ions in ASB was Zn(II) < Pb(II) < Cd(II), and this was opposite to that of non active sludge. The results indicate that ASB is a sustainable tools for the bioremediation of Cd(II), Pb(II) and Zn(II) ions from industrial sludge and wastewater treatment plants.  相似文献   

Assessing the natural component of the external load due to organic matter and biogenic elements on the water bodies in Northwestern Russia     

S.A. Kondratyev  G.A. Alyabina  I.N. Sorokin 《Geography and Natural Resources》2010,31(4):390-395

We suggest the method to calculate the natural component of the external loads due to organic matter and biogenic elements on the unexplored lakes using the removal rate moduli for these elements, and indices of the lakes’ specific catchments. The schematic map has been generated for the distribution of natural moduli of removal on the catchment of the Gulf of Finland. We calculated the external natural loads for 94 lakes in landscapes with a high percentage of lakes.  相似文献   

Comparison of alternative upscaled model formulations for simulating DNAPL source dissolution and biodecay     

Jack C. Parker  Ronald W. Falta 《Advances in water resources》2008

This paper compares the performance of analytical and numerical approaches for modeling DNAPL dissolution with biodecay. A solution derived from a 1-D advective transport formulation (“Parker” model) is shown to agree very closely with high resolution numerical solutions. A simple lumped source mass balance solution in which with decay is assumed proportional to DNAPL mass (“Falta1” model) over- or underpredicts aqueous phase biodecay depending on the magnitude of the exponential factor governing the relationship between dissolution rate and DNAPL mass. A modification of the Falta model that assumes decay proportional to the source exit concentration is capable of accurately simulating source behavior with strong aqueous phase biodecay if model parameters are appropriately selected or calibrated (“Falta2” model). However, parameters in the lumped models exhibit complex interdependencies that cannot be quantified without consideration of transport processes within the source zone. Combining the Falta2 solution with relationships derived from the Parker model was found to resolve these limitations and track the numerical model results. A method is presented to generalize the analytical solutions to enable simulation of partial mass removal with changes in source parameters over time due to various remedial actions. The algorithm is verified by comparison with numerical simulation results. An example application is presented that demonstrates the interactions of partial mass removal, enhanced biodecay, enhanced mass transfer and source zone flow reduction applied at various time periods on contaminant flux reduction. Increasing errors that arise in numerical solutions with coarse discretization and high decay rates are shown to be controlled by using an adjusted decay coefficient derived from the Parker analytical solution.  相似文献   

西部山地复杂地震资料处理技术研究   总被引：8，自引：5，他引：3       下载免费PDF全文

刘建红  孟小红  李合群 《地球物理学进展》2008,23(3):859-863

在山地地震资料处理中,由于地震条件和地质条件复杂,使得资料的静校正问题严重,资料的信噪比偏低.通过采用配套的静校正技术和串联叠前去噪技术,较好地解决了这两个问题.  相似文献   

Measurement of soluble reactive phosphorus concentration profiles and fluxes in river-bed sediments using DET gel probes   总被引：3，自引：0，他引：3  

Helen P. Jarvie  Robert J.G. Mortimer  Elizabeth J. Palmer-Felgate  Katherine St. Quinton  Sarah A. Harman  Patricia Carbo 《Journal of Hydrology》2008,350(3-4):261-273

DET (diffusive equilibrium in thin films) gel probes were used for sampling river-bed sediment porewaters, to characterise in situ soluble reactive phosphorus (SRP) concentration profiles and fluxes. DET probes were deployed in three contrasting rural streams: (1) a headwater ‘pristine’ stream, with minimal P inputs from low intensity grassland and no point sources, (2) an intensively cultivated arable catchment, and (3) a stream subject to high P loadings from sewage effluent and intensive arable farming. The DET results showed highly enriched porewater SRP concentrations of between ca. 400 and 5000 μg-P l⁻¹ in the sewage-impacted stream. In contrast, the arable and pristine streams had porewater SRP concentrations <70 μg-P l⁻¹ and <20 μg-P l⁻¹, respectively. Porewater SRP concentration profiles in both the sewage-impacted and arable-impacted streams showed well-defined vertical structure, indicating internal sources and sinks of SRP within the sediment. However, there was little variability in porewater SRP concentrations in the pristine stream. The DET porewater profiles indicated net diffusion of SRP (a) from the overlying river water into the surface sediment and (b) from subsurface sediment upwards towards the sediment–water interface. A mass balance for the sewage-impacted site showed that the influx of SRP into the surface sediments from the overlying river water was small (ca. 1% of the daily river SRP load). The DET results indicated that, in the arable and sewage-impacted streams, the surface ‘cap’ of fine sediment may play an important role in inhibiting upward movement of SRP from subsurface porewaters into the overlying river water, under steady-state, low-flow conditions.  相似文献   

Tracing suspended sediment and particulate phosphorus sources in catchments   总被引：4，自引：0，他引：4  

D.E. Walling  A.L. Collins  R.W. Stroud 《Journal of Hydrology》2008,350(3-4):274-289

Information on suspended sediment and particulate P (PP) sources is an important requirement in many catchment-based diffuse source pollution studies, in order to assist with model validation and to provide information to support the development of effective sediment and phosphorus control strategies. Such information is, however, frequently unavailable or difficult to assemble. In the study reported, source fingerprinting procedures were successfully used to assemble this information for seven sub-catchments in the Hampshire Avon catchment and five sub-catchments in the Middle Herefordshire Wye catchment. The results provide important new information on the relative importance of the contributions from surface and channel/subsurface sources to the suspended sediment and PP fluxes from the catchments. In the Wye sub-catchments channel/subsurface sources contributed 40–55% of the overall suspended sediment flux and 21–43% of the PP flux from the catchments. Equivalent values for the Avon were 1–41% and 1–54%, respectively. Combination of the information on the relative importance of surface and channel/subsurface sources with measured suspended sediment fluxes has provided the first estimates of the specific fluxes of sediment and PP attributable to channel/subsurface sources for UK catchments. The former are as high as 15–20 t km⁻² year⁻¹ in some of the Wye sub-catchments, whereas the latter exceeded 0.1 kgP ha⁻¹ year⁻¹ in the same sub-catchments. The results emphasize the need to take account of potential contributions from channel/subsurface sources when using measured suspended sediment and PP flux data to validate predictions derived from models incorporating only surface contributions.  相似文献   

高陡山区开采自然坡失稳分析的神经网络方法   总被引：3，自引：0，他引：3  

李文秀  杨少冲  陈二忠  乔金丽  戴兰芳 《岩土力学》2006,27(9):1563-1566

针对山区地下开采自然边坡稳定性分析问题,根据大量工程实测资料,建立了人工神经网络预测模型。通过对人工神经网络算法的改进,选取适当的动量项系数及变步长方法,对已有的实测资料进行了训练和测试,并对丁家河磷矿自然边坡稳定性进行了具体的预测分析,理论计算结果与工程实际情况一致。分析结果表明,所建立的理论模型可用于山区磷矿开采自然边坡稳定性预测分析。  相似文献   

哑铃湾网箱养殖水体中氮磷结构特征   总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2  

贾后磊  温琰茂 《海洋通报》2005,24(2):87-91

根据2002年4月-2003年1月对哑铃湾网箱养殖的调查数据,分析了养殖水体中不同形态N／P值的分布趋势、季节变化及哑铃湾网箱养殖水体中的限制性营养盐。结果表明：各形态N／P具有显著的季节变化,其分布趋势基本表现为网箱养殖区低于非养殖区,并且随着养殖年限的增加,这种现象更明显。总体上说,哑铃湾浮游植物生长主要受P的限制,但从无机态N／P来看,春、夏季以P为该海域浮游植物生长的控制因子：秋、冬季以N为该海湾浮游植物生长的控制因子。  相似文献   

闹德海水库水环境氮磷容量预测及防治对策          下载免费PDF全文

叶青 《气象与环境学报》2007,23(3):28-32

为保障饮用水源地闹德海水库的水质安全,通过选取不同氮磷允许负荷量的测算模式进行综合分析。结果表明:闹德海水库实际负荷量总氮为139.98 t/a、总磷为28.28 t/a,目前已处于中—富营养化状态;水库若要达到贫—中营养化状态,应削减总氮129.96 t/a,总磷27.27 t/a。为此,从发展农业节水、综合防治化肥、农药、畜禽养殖业污染及治理水土流失等方面提出了科学的污染防治思路及削减对策。  相似文献